PeerJ, vol: 2020,1 (2020)
Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia
Kristiana R., Bedoux G., Pals G., Wayan Mudianta I., Taupin L., Marty C., Asagabaldan M.A., Ayuningrum D., Trianto A., Bourgougnon N., Radjasa O.K., Sabdono A., Hanafi M.
Abstract
The aims of this work are to isolate bacterial symbionts from nudibranchs and subsequently to determine anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cytotoxicity and anti-Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activities of bio compounds. A total of 15 species of nudibranchs were collected from Karimunjawa and five species from Bali, respectively. A total of 245 bacteria isolates were obtained. The anti-MRSA activity screening activity indicated two active bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants, indicating extracelullar compounds, showed an inhibition zone against MRSA at concentrations of 500-1,000 µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis showed that the strain KJB-07 from Phyllidia coelestis was closely related to Pseudoalteromonas rubra, whereas the strain NP31-01 isolated from Phyllidia varicosa was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius. The extract of Pseudoalteromonas rubra was cytotoxic to Vero cells at a concentration of 75 µg/ml. The extract of V. salarius presented no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5-1,000 µg/ml. No anti HSV-1 was observed for both isolated bacteria. This is the first study describing research on anti-MRSA, cytotoxicity and anti HSV-1 activity of bacterial symbionts from the viscera of nudibranch. Compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas rubra and V. salarius, had potential anti-MRSA activity. However, only extracts from Pseudoalteromonas rubra showed cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Three compounds were identified by LC/MS after purification from culture supernatant. © 2020 Kristiana et al.
Keyword: Anti-MRSA activity; Antibiotic; HSV-1; Nudibranch; Pseudoalteromonas rubra; Virgibacillus salarius